Symbols in the Mayor of Casterbridge

AP English Literature and Composition Miss Hodge 19 March. 2013 Symbolism in The Mayor of Casterbridge A symbol is an object, person, or figure that is used to represent a concept in the story. Throughout the novel The Mayor of Casterbridge, there are three key symbols. All three symbols Hardy uses are objects. These three objects all represent something about the main character, Henchard. One of the three symbols also pertains to Farfrae, another character in the novel. The three symbols are the collision of wagons, the bull, and the caged goldfinch.All three of the symbols play a large part in this novel and further help the reader understand the concepts of the characters. The first of the symbols is the collision of wagons. The two wagons that collide are grain wagons; one owned by Henchard, and the other wagon owned by Farfrae. The wreck happens at night, and both of the wagons are filled to the brim with hay. One of the wagons gets stuck and has to be left overnight. The violen t collision of the two wagons is more than just a wreck which Farfrae’s waggoner thinks â€Å"[he] must have done [that] a purpose† (Hardy 179).This action symbolizes the ongoing struggle of Henchard and Farfrae’s relationship (college prep). In the beginning of their relationship, Henchard is very pleased with Farfrae, but as their lives go on together, Farfrae begins to become more well-liked by the townspeople than Henchard. After more time passes, Henchard grows very jealous of Farfrae and despises him. They are building up great tension between one another, and the collision just adds to it. The wagon collision also symbolizes the traditional ways in which Henchard does his business.These practices may be outdated and ineffective, but they are what Henchard stands for and values. On the other hand, Farfrae is very modern in his business, and therefore more effective. Farfrae and his modern attitude have caught the eye of townspeople, and they are intrigued by his way of business. The second symbol is the bull. The bull enters the novel when it chases down Lucetta and Elizabeth into a barn and onto the loft. As they try to get away, Henchard is there to save their lives, mainly Lucetta’s. He gets a old of the bull and guides it to the ground. The bull becomes paralyzed, and its nose begins bleeding. Lucetta is crying and feels blessed she was being saved, but Henchard more so because â€Å"[she] once saved [him]† (Hardy 193). Through this action, the reader may begin to feel more sympathetic towards Henchard in the showing of his strength and courage. The bull in the novel also symbolizes the brute forces in the world that threaten human life. Bent on destruction, it seems to embody the unnamed forces Henchard carries.The third symbol is the caged goldfinch. This object is given to Elizabeth at her wedding, from Henchard. Henchard never actually gives the goldfinch straight to Elizabeth, but he leaves it there in the corn er of the room. The bird is forgotten there after Elizabeth coldly greets Henchard, which he takes harshly. When the maid finds the goldfinch, Elizabeth then realizes she needs to set out and find Henchard, but she does not know Henchard is with Able being cared for at Able’s cottage.The only reason for Able doing this is because; Henchard once cared for his mother. Able feels he needs to return the favor. When Elizabeth finally catches word of Henchard, he is already dead. Henchard â€Å"didn’t gain strength, for you see, ma’am, he couldn’t eat† (Hardy 304). The goldfinch symbolizes Henchard in his last days. Both Henchard and the goldfinch are not eating and starve themselves in their last days. Hardy ties Henchard’s fate and the goldfinch’s fate together. Both Henchard and the goldfinch live and die in a prison.Though Henchard’s was not literal like the goldfinches, he was still imprisoned by his personality and his past. He nchard cannot escape what he has done in the past, and this is being shown with the symbol of the goldfinch. Even Though Elizabeth reaches out to Henchard in the end trying to weather the storm, Henchard still dies isolated and alone (Holtsberry). All three of the symbols play a large part in this novel and farther help the reader understand the concepts of the characters. Therefore the use of the symbols can be understood clearly.All the symbols reflect an abstract concept. By using the collision of wagons it shows the concept of Henchard and Farfrae’s relationship, and how it takes a turn for the worst. When Hardy uses the bull as a symbol in the novel, it shows the strength and courage of Henchard. The bull also shows the brutal forces surrounding them in their lives. The last symbol is the caged goldfinch. This symbol shows how Henchard lives his life imprisoned in his own actions. Most of the choices Henchard makes that imprison him, he made in the past and when he was a young man.Even though one of Henchards biggest mistakes he makes is while he is a wise old man. This mistake is when he lies to Elizabeth about being her father. By Hardy using the symbols in The Mayor of Casterbridge the uncommon moods of Henchard are accepted by the reader. Works Cited Hardy, Thomas. The Mayor of Casterbridge. New York: Barnes & Noble Classics, 2004. Print. Holtsberry, Kevin. The Mayor of Casterbridge. Blogcritics. org. Technorati, Inc, 21 May. 2004. Web. 16 March. 2013. Literary Analysis Essay. Collegepreppappers. blogspot. com. 12 March. 2012. Web. 16 March. 2013.

Paul Gauguin

Paul Gauguin Danielle Arnold L. Scott Roberts Art Appreciation 11 November 2011 Paul Gauguin Like so many artists one studies, the life of Paul Gauguin was filled with internal struggles on daily matters and beliefs. Gauguin was not dealt an easy life from the very beginning. Born to French journalist and half Peruvian mother, Gauguin came to know the cruelty of life at a very young age. In 1851, he and his family moved to Peru due to the climate of the period. On the voyage to Peru, his father died; leaving him with his mother and sister to survive on their own.The family lived in Peru for four years and during that time, Gauguin came under the influence of certain imagery that would affect the rest of his life. His family then moved back to France where Gauguin excelled in academic studies. He went on to serve two years in the navy and then became a stockbroker. He married a woman by the name of Mette Sophie Gad, and proceeded to have five children. (â€Å"Paul Gauguin†). Ga uguin always enjoyed art in its many forms and soon purchased his own studio to show off Impressionist paintings.He moved his family to Copenhagen to continue being a stockbroker, but felt as if he was to pursue the life of an artist full time. He moved back to France to follow his passion for art, leaving his family behind. Just like many artists, he suffered from depression and had several suicide attempts. Gauguin soon became very frustrated with the art of the 1800’s and sailed to the tropics to escape life. He then used what he saw there as inspiration for many of the works that he produced. In 1903, he got in trouble with the government and was sentenced to jail for a short time.At the young age of 54, Gauguin died of syphilis, probably contracted from the natives in Tahiti. Gauguin left a rather large impact on the world of art. He rubbed shoulders with some of the most world renown French artists. His biography states, â€Å"[Gauguin was] the first artist to systemat ically use these [Primitivism] effects and achieve broad public success† (â€Å"Paul Gauguin†). He created some very successful paintings such as â€Å"Fragrant Earth,† â€Å"Barbaric Tales,† â€Å"The Loss of Virginity,† â€Å"Yellow Christ,† and â€Å"Tahitian Women with Flowers. All of these paintings have specific Gauguin signatures on them in style, color, subject, and reality. Gauguin lived in the time of Impressionist art. This art movement was mainly lead by Paris based artists. At first, Gauguin embraced the essence and characteristics of Impressionism. The early works of Gauguin, as John Gould Fletcher tells us in his book, have disappeared. However, there have been descriptions of his early works by Felix Feneon (Fletcher 44). These descriptions prove and show that Gauguin was already miles ahead of Impressionism and would become a very promising and influential leader in the next movement of art.While the art of his time was char acterized, by small, visible brush strokes that allowed colors to harmonize and blend together to create different and changing qualities of light of ordinary subject matters, Gauguin put his own interpretation of Impressionism. His tones were very separated from each other, creating a new way at painting landscapes. Fletcher states, â€Å"Gauguin was treating landscape at this period already as a synthesis, a decorative whole. . . not as an exercise in the analysis of atmosphere vibration† (Fletcher 45).People did not appreciate the new beginnings of this Post- Impressionism movement of art lead by Gauguin. This did not stop Gauguin at all. He continued on in finding new theories and creating his own tradition that went against the old decorative tradition. Wright and Dine share, â€Å"Gauguin was not content with the landscapes of civilization. He wanted something more elemental – scenes where an unspoilt and untamed nature gave birth to a race of simple and colourf ul character. He felt the need of harmonizing his people with their milieu† (Wright and Dine 300).Thus, Gauguin sought an entire new movement of art and found his inspiration in Tahiti. By using vivid colors that popped out and a thick of application of paint, Gauguin began to open the world to Post-Impressionism where real life was recorded through geometric forms. Ultimately, this lead to the Synthetist movement of art. Along with a few colleagues, this movement was created to synthesize the appearance of natural forms, the feelings of the artist on the subject matter, and the purity of line, color, and form (Wright and Dine 190). Gauguin also paved the way to Primitivism in his later years.Through the exaggerated body proportions and stark contrasts of color, Gauguin helped the return to the pastoral (â€Å"Paul Gauguin†). All of Gauguin’s paintings share similar characteristics. After Gauguin’s experience in Tahiti, he made the natives his main subject matter. Full of bright and bold colors, these women are placed in their natural surroundings with their womanly nature being exposed and exalted. Through his paintings, the truths about these women are revealed and their beauty proclaimed through the bold colors and contrasts and dark, defining lines. The beauty and popularity of Gauguin’s paintings are not just skin-deep.To truly understand the meanings and symbolism of the paintings, one must understand the man who held the brush. In his biography â€Å"Noa, Noa,† one comes face to face with a man who held such high dreams yet never achieved them. Every painting of Gauguin’s was almost a poem laced with symbolism of life, faith, and death. In Gauguin’s Paradise Lost, Wayne Anderson quotes Gauguin in saying, â€Å"In a way, I work like the Bible, in which the doctrine announces itself in a symbolic form, presenting a double aspect, a form which first materializes the pure idea in order to make it bette r understandable . . this is the literal superficial, figurative, mysterious meaning of a parable; and then the second aspect which gives the spirit of the former sense. This is the sense that is not figurative any more, but the formal, explicit of one of the parable† (Anderson 8). Gauguin always tried to veil his symbolism within his paintings. To the untrained eye and mind, his symbolism falls on blind eyes. However, those who are trained in his ways of symbolism appreciate the tension between the romantic sensibility and the dark drama of romantic primitivism.The emotions conveyed through his works all vary depending upon the nature and subject of the particular piece. He does have a central theme in all of his paintings and even some of his carved work. He wishes to conjure ideas of divinity and question the aspects of humanity in order to leave one with a sense of mystery and wonder (Anderson 19). The colors Gauguin uses pulls one into a life of bright and bold contrasts and tones. Someone how Gauguin uses definitive black lines that leave room for imagination in finishing the story that is told on the canvas.Gauguin was an island when it came to mentors. He did not feel the need to imitate any kind of art. If his art was imitative of any artist, it was because he had not been able to freely convey his emotions and arrive as his refined instincts (Anderson 29). Many of his artistic peers did reach out to Gauguin and try to influence his art. When he was younger, he met Camille Pissarro. These two worked together as part of an Impressionist group. For the longest time, Gauguin accepted and practice the styles of Manet, Renoirs, Monets, Cezannes, and Pissarro.Until he moved and stayed to Pont-Aven and met Emile Bernard and became a part of the Pont-Aven school. With the influence of artists, Charles Laval, Maxime Maufra, Paul Serusier, Charles Filiger, Jacob Meyer de Haan, Armand, Seguin, and Henri de Charmalliard, the birth and movement of Synthetism where bold colors were used for super spiritual subjects came about. (Fletcher 50). However, Gauguin always had a horrible temper and resulted in turning his friends into borderline enemies especially those who still clung to the Impressionist art forms and traditions.For two weeks, Van Gogh and Gauguin painted together. Their relationship was a rather weird one. Fletcher comments on this in saying, â€Å"For Van Gogh the future only held the liberating spiritual worship of the sun, which was to raise his art to its highest pitch of lyric ecstasy and to destroy the brain that had created it. For Gauguin the future held a long and stoic struggle . . . that left . . . his work only a broken fragment of what he had dreamed† (Fletcher 55). Consequentially, their art reflected these two different paradigms.Yet it was due to Van Gogh that Gauguin began to realize that great art came from a great love of life – and with that, Gauguin turned to religion, which fueled the majo rity of his art. Van Gogh’s art always hinted of a hope or centered upon a light. Where Gauguin used his subjects as the portrayal of light or the absence of light in the comparison to the dark and dense backgrounds. Over all, Gauguin’s works paved the way for new modern art to emerge. Some would say that Picasso was one of the most important people in the realms of abstract art.However, Gaugin married together the worlds of abstract and representational art with his works on the Tahitian women and the natives. As Gauguin’s biography reports, Gaguin left a huge and notable connection to Arthur Frank Matthews in his intense use of color palette. His works influenced many other artists but does not leave a protege to assume his role of leader in Primitivism and Synthetism (â€Å"Paul Gauguin†). Paul Gauguin was a genius with both the brush and the chisel. He believed in art as a way of life and not a mere enjoyment. He rallied for a day when symbolism would reign and art would become a synthesis.His works of the Tahitian natives and women opened up the world of naturalism and called back for a time where the pastoral would once again be enjoyed. Works Cited Andersen, Wayne. Gauguin’s Paradise Lost. The Viking Press Inc. New York, New York. 1971. Print. Fletcher, John Gould. Paul Gauguin, His Life and Art. Nicolas L. Brown. New York. 1921. eBook. â€Å"Paul Gauguin Biography. † Paul Gauguin – Complete Works. 2002-2011. 31 October 2011. Web. http://www. paul-gauguin. net/biography. html Wright, Williard Huntington and S. S. van Dine. Modern Painting, It’s Tendency and Meaning. John Lane Company. New York. 1915. eBook.

“An absolutely ordinary raibow” by Les Murray Essay

In Les Murray’s ‘An Absolutely Ordinary Rainbow’, there is a clear unconventional portrayal of the hero, and he shows many heroic concepts as a result of the dramatic techniques used to convey the notion of the weeping man not being society’s ‘conventional perception’ of a hero. The poems persona is simply an un-named ‘observer’ who tells the story, in a third person present tense narrative form (â€Å"they†) which assists in portraying the notion that a weeping hero actually did walk the earth and that its just not an event created in the mind, of the peoples and society’s reactions to this weeping man and the affects he has had on the people. The subject matter of this poem is the nature of this weeping man. A concept of the hero this poem communicates is that a hero is strong, he possesses the heroic quality of power. Les Murray develops this notion of a hero through un-conventional heroic forms. The first technique employed by Les Murray is listing. This technique is used to highlight the superiority and power the weeping man has over the people- heroic quality’s which come under the notion of his strength. because there is no actual description of the man’s physical superiority, his heroic strength lies in more mental aspects( uconventional heroic traight). This makes he’s quality of power even greater and more heroic because he has something which not everyone else can obtain and is thus harder to come by, he’s quality is special, unique and because of its power it is greatly feared (the strength which lies in a persons mind). The power and strength held in the man’s mind is so great that even â€Å"The fiercest manhood, the toughest reserve, the slickest wit amongst us trembles with silence(at the man)†. This listing emphasizes that he’s strength is greater than any other that exists. Evidence of the man’s immense mental strength is shown through listing and contrasting. The result of the sheer extent of his mental power is highlighted through him converting the once pessimistic skeptics of him,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"ridiculous, says a man near me†, into â€Å"believers†. What shows the power within his mind is so great and heroic, is in the way he executes and uses he’s quality. Through unconventional methods, rather than he speaking words to the people, he’s mind is so strong that he needs only show he’s mighty emotions to get his message across â€Å"he cries out†¦ not words but grief, not messages but sorrow†. Les Murray has contrasted the two opposites of communication, verbal(words,messages) and non verbal(grief,sorrow), ‘not’ and ‘but’, emphasize the superiority of the non verbal means. Therefore, the mans mighty power is he’s emotions, his weeping. The second concept of the hero put forward in the poem is of normality, it defies the orthodox visions of a hero which make him out to be a supernatural being. This poem presents that a hero is human and as the name of the poem suggests he is â€Å"ordinary† on the outside, however â€Å"he’s heroic qualities lie within-George V Higgins- Studies of poetry 2nd edition†. The hero’s normality is shown in the juxstapositioning of the allusion to Christ and supernatural beings through symbols which they are renowned for â€Å"some will say a halo or force stood around him† and the short blunt statement of â€Å"there is no such thing†. The specific positioning of the dogmatic statement â€Å"there is no such thing† boldly eliminates any truths behind the hero having any of these supernatural powers of halos and forces. Another technique used to emphasize the hero’s normality and to show that he is just an ordinary person is the use of diction and syntax in the final stanza. â€Å"He simply walks between us mopping his face†¦.man who has wept†. The word choice of ‘simply’ indicates connotations of naturalness, plainness and commonness towards the hero, while the position of ‘simply’ adds emphasis to the meaning that he is just an ordinary man among them, and â€Å"with his writhen face and ordinary body† has done something incredible, he has wept. Through he’s spontaneous weeping Les Murray presents a 3rd concept of the hero which is of a hero being mysterious and attention grabbing. The heroes mystery to the people is what he has to say or show, which in this case is hidden inside his weeping and furthermore the reason for his weeping. His ability to grab peoples attentions is shown through the observers constant curiousness and apprehensiveness. This is shown through the repetition of allusions to very popular social meeting places in Sydney and curious talk of this weeping hero going round and round these places reaching the minds of so many people â€Å"the word goes round repins, the murmur goes round Lorenzinis†. Also, the peoples immense desires to uncover the mysteriousness of the hero are shown through the metaphor where by the people are so enthralled with the weeping man that they yern and long his â€Å"tears† (his message, his reasons for weeping) â€Å"as children for a rainbow†. Through the hero’s use of his mysteriousness he achieves the heroic deed of being able to grab a sceptic peoples undivided attention, and have them in a position where he places himself in power to influence them in whatever means he wants. Through the use of techniques, Les Murray communicates interesting concepts of this unconventional hero effectively. The weeping man’s quality’s of being able to influence others and attain their attentions through his strength in sending across messages in unconventional ways make him heroic because he is just but a simple and ordinary man. Whether or not the weeping man achieved his un mentioned purpose is irrelevant, he is still a hero because he’s purpose may of just been to cause this widespread feeling of belief among disbelievers, which he accomplished and is shown in the last line â€Å"evading (converted) believers†.

Change in Congress Due To Republicans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Change in Congress Due To Republicans - Essay Example A student testing for drugs for the first time may find it a rather daunting, and emotional experience, but they should be aware that they are not there to judge any of the subjects; nor the educational faculty. The student tester must be professional; impartial observation, amiability without familiarity, and also the ability to keep their focus in very testing circumstances. The student will be assessed in all of these areas, and also upon their ability to understand their role in the testing of teenagers, and the statistical likelihood that any student they meet will test positive for drugs. Drug testing is a contentious issue, with some seeing the Supreme Court's rulings in cases such as the Board of Education V. Earls (2002), as allowing a much broader invasion of student privacy than ever before; others argue that students should be required to submit to urine testing as part of the ever pressing war on drug use in America. As early as April 1999, Congress had been under increasing pressure to implement drug tests in schools, with Representatives arguing that: Increasing public concern about the nature of drug use in and around schools made the government choose a selective policy of urine testing to reassure parents that students were not taking drugs in class. It has been claimed that High School Senior Surveys shows a decline in drug use since the 1979, and that daily use of marijuana has fallen "From 10.3% to 4.0%" (Morgan, 1988). His conclusion, that marijuana use has slumped ("Declined significantly"), does not stem fear about student use of the drug, and this is what must be borne in mind when considering the role of routine urine testing in school admissions. Testing in Schools While many object to the use of random drug testing as a condition of admission to school, which is prohibited anyway as the school is a public body, this is not the case for extracurricular pastimes such as sports. The Supreme Court also noted that: Students are required to submit to physical examinations and Vaccinations which indicates that students have a lesser privacy interest than the general public.(Missouri Centre, 2002) Moreover, while there is some evidence that Drug testing of any kind, including for cause or suspicion, was not A significant predictor of Marijuana use." (Yamaguchi, et al, 2003ii) Routine drug testing is a standard procedure in sporting competitions and in the workplace: it should not therefore be seen as an over zealous requirement. "Drug-testing in schools and the workplace is not simply about individual behaviour" (Campbell, 2004, 86), it is, of course, also about the control that the school has over the children in its care. It is a school's responsibility to act as loco parentis and to enforce the law. Concerns over the invasion of a child's privacy during urine testing is dependant upon the idea of close observation of the child making the specimen, and then handing over this specimen to be tested by strangers (Boire, 2004). Of course, issues of trust also make things difficult: Routine drug testing implies, not merely that the tester mistrusts one student (Bailey, 1997, 5), but the entire generation. It may also make students more reluctant to participate in outside-hours activity - with the

Introduction to business, macro environmental factors (PESTLE) Essay

Introduction to business, macro environmental factors (PESTLE) - Essay Example This structure was a result of various acquisitions that have taken place over the period of time. Detailed analysis of the history of Borders Group and its subsequent liquidation indicated that failure to adapt to market changes and technological advancement coupled with faulty investments and financial decisions lead to the demise of this once glorious chain of bookstores. The founders of this group are also the pioneers when it comes to superstores in published books industry after Barnes & Noble (Peterson, 2011). The traditional image of small-scale alley shops was replaced by Tom and Louis Borders in 1971 when they opened major stores in different states. In addition to many published books available under one roof, their Book Inventory System which was originally designed to support their sales and inventory management, also formed a major part of the products that they were offering. Following Borders group’s stake in published books market, it was purchased by Kmart ho wever the deal was not as successful as expected and later on lead to divestment in 1995. After this separation, Borders group expanded its operations internationally in Europe, Australia and Singapore (Fundinguniverse, 2011). ... blishing self-owned stores however due to excessive market competition in physical book stores and also other market players like Amazon, Borders group faced aggressive competition. Due to this market condition, Borders group sustained immense losses and filed for bankruptcy in United States followed by subsequent closure of over 30 stores only in UK. As of now, all the directly or partly owned stores of Borders groups have been sold or closed down (Fundinguniverse, 2011). It is important to note that Borders group’s problem was not the changing market space and consumers’ demand but its rather sluggish approach towards the adaptation of changes. With major capital invested in physical stores, the cost of running the stores became extremely high. It did try to create an online presence in 2001 after emergence of Amazon.com and other e-book retailers however the results were not encouraging enough. Where Amazon was in the market after 1995 and had a stable establishment by 2000, it was already too late for Borders group to compete with the diverse and highly personalized nature of service offered by it (Wasserman, 2012). After being unable to have a successful presence, Borders group formed an alliance with Amazon which proved fatal in the long-run. The alliance ended in 2007 with another attempt of forming online presence in 2008 however increasing overhead, operations and interest expenses along with many changes taking place in organization’s management, the group was struggling to stay liquidated which further resulted in further bankruptcy of the group in 2011. Although over the period of time, Borders group added many features to its stores in the form of espresso bars and personalized service of its employees (who were already learned individuals with

Compare Short Stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Compare Short Stories - Essay Example material assets. He regards every relationship to be driven by politics and fails to find any relationship that is purely based on love. Sammy has been presented as a character that is very upset about the norms of his surroundings. Although he has worked at the super store for a considerably lengthy period of time as is reflected by the way in which he remembers â€Å"cat-and-dog-food-breakfast-cereal-macaroni-rice-raisins-seasonings-spreads-spaghetti-soft-drinks-crackers-and-cookies aisle† (Updike, 228), he finds the store extremely unappealing. This is partly due to the nature of behaviors of people that he encounters on daily basis, as well as the nature of business that his super store practices. Taking a closer look at Krebs’s behavior regarding his community and Sammy’s perception regarding his superstore job, reveals that fact that both characters are dissatisfied with the prevailing system. The reason for this discontent appears to be the gap that prevails between their ideals and the reality. Both characters are in fact reflective of the feelings of people who are truthful in their stance and are yet subjected to unfavorable behaviors of the people surrounding

Enterprise systems coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Enterprise systems coursework - Essay Example Open source enterprise resource planning (ERP) software systems are important for small and medium enterprises in that it allows the business enterprise to an access the code hosted by the system and make it conform by the enterprise’s own information technology instead of making them pay extra costs to vendors for the customization and licensing. In the selection of ERP systems, it is important for the business enterprise to measure its success in terms of the savings made through the streamlining of the operations of a company through the increase in revenues and the increase of the share of the market. Small and medium enterprises have several possibilities in the implementation of electronic planning packages as they wish. They have an option of either selecting an ERP package that it desires and compare its capabilities with others. They can also develop the ERP system individually or integrate the best choices offered by the particular software provider that the business enterprise is dealing with. The selection of a viable ERP system involves several stages in the operation of a company or a business enterprise. This includes the concise analysis in the processes that pertain to the processes of the company and analysis of the concepts contained in the ERP packages. The pre-selection process involves selecting only companies that are in support of the company process, and thereafter the selection of the ERP package that will involve the use of workshops and evaluation of factors that affect the ERP selection process. This is followed by re-engineering and customization of the process that means the avoidance of resistance by staff of any changes in the ERP selection process and adapting the ERP process to the unique nature of a particular business process (Nah 221). The selection of a viable ERP system involves the involvement of employees in the organizational structure of the company. It is important for the company to recognize the knowledge th e employees possess in the running of the company and their input is important in the achievement of this, the company should assign an integral person in the running of its financial system known as the internal champion. This person is allocated the most difficult projects in the company who gets the job done irrespective of the difficulty of the task. This should be done at the beginning of the selection of the system so that the company knows whether the person is fully committed and agreeable to the project. It is important for the business enterprises to evaluate the risks that are likely to be met and if they may reoccur. This can be used by all interested parties to mitigate risks. Persons who are likely to make the company suffer many risks are also included in the risk management process thus avoiding the loss that could be suffered by the company in question. There is need to ensure management buy-in in the selection of an ERP system by communicating the scope of the proj ect and be updated of sign-offs at every step along the way in the financial management. It is also important for companies to select vendors who have sold more ERP systems as such vendors usually have more customers thus easier access to support and have the best practices for a specific industry and its practices. They also have the ability to come up with products according to the

Information System Hardware and Software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Information System Hardware and Software - Essay Example They generally include databases, word processors, and spreadsheets. Microsoft Office Professional 2007 is a type of application software. It includes Access, Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint and word that are widely used as business application software. By using Office Professional 2007 business professionals can work faster, efficiently and effectively, stays organized, and manage contacts and customer information more effectively and in one place. It helps in producing professional-looking marketing materials, dynamic business documents, spreadsheets, presentations and databases with no prior experience or technical staff. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 can be used for analyzing business information for making better business decisions. It has features such as new tools for filter, sort, graph, and visualizing information so that business information can be analyzed more easily. Office Excel 2007 provides improved PivotTable and PivotChart views for advanced analysis and it is much easier to create. Microsoft Office Word and PowerPoin can be used for creating professional-looking documents and presentations in less time. Microsoft had included new templates and tools that make Office Word easier to reuse content, apply professional formatting, and quickly preview changes. Office PowerPoint makes it quicker and easier to create presentations that are more dynamic. Office PowerPoint has a wide library of customizable themes and slide layouts, and new graphic tools. It enables to create powerful charts, SmartArt graphics, and tables, and then instantly preview formatting changes. Microsoft Office Access helps in find, use, and manages information more effectively. By using it, new database can be created easily without any previous experience. Microsoft has provided a library of predefined database tracking applications for the most common business processes and

How to live in London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to live in London - Essay Example 86 per month   Zone 1-6 travel card in London  Ã‚   ?41 per week   Rent one bedroom  flat (West/Central London)  Ã‚   ?800  -?1200per month   Rent one bedroom flat (other London areas)   ?600  - ?800 per month   Average  electricity bill  Ã‚   ?20 - ?25 per month   Average  gas bill   ?20 - ?30 per month   Buying the average house in London (2 to 3 bedrooms)   ?300,000 - ?400,000   Despite this London is also one of the most popular cities in the world and many people wish to have the chance to live there. Here are some simple steps to ensure that one Search for a house wisely Housing in London is ridiculously expensive, whether renting or buying. The prices vary with the closeness to the central London. It is advisable for one to rent a house rather than buy if he or she is to live in London for the first time. This allows one to compare and learn various neighbourhoods before committing to buy an apartment at a specific price. The decision of whe re to live should be based on the place of work or study. Generally one should try to balance the rent expenses with transport costs which are also high. To get a cheap house one should talk to friends already living there as well as search the internet, www.easyroommate.com is a brilliant website to start with. One must insist on knowing the utilities covered in the rent; most utilities like electricity and water bills are usually not covered for in the rent. Reduce Transportation Costs Public transport in London tends to be more expensive than in other Europeans countries. Transport is, however, widely available, and one has many options to choose from ranging from underground networks, trains, bus and coaches, as well as taxi or minicabs. Underground network connects most part of London and is one of the most cost effective means of transport. For the convenience, it is advisable that the one gets an â€Å"Oyster Card† obtainable either on-line or from Underground ticket o ffice. The card allows one to pre-charge money on the card and pay by touch on every journey. This pay as you go card also gives considerable discounts on the normal tariffs (the tariffs starts from ? 4.00) such that one can save as much as forty percent. Travelling by bus is especially cheap for students since most of them give discounts to students with travel cards. The Megabus, for instance, has tickets from as little as ? 1.00 (Expats Plaza, n.d.). If one wishes to save money and keep fit, then travelling by bicycle is the solution. Second-hand bicycles are quite inexpensive in London, and many people use them. This is why staying close to the place of work or study is advisable to save on travel expenses. Utilities and how to reduce Bills The utility market is largely competitive in London, and one has a choice of suppliers to choose from for various utilities. To get discounts on bills asked by most utility companies, it is advisable to make payment by direct debits from the bank. For gas and electricity, it is much cheaper to get dual deals, as opposed to buying each in single. One should also compare prices for the best deals through the consumer focus website â€Å"Energy Watch.† To cut down bills further it is better to use energy-saving bulbs. Water is another major utility commodity that one pays for and since there are many providers one should compare rates for the best deal. For telephone, internet and digital televisions services one should shop around for the operator offering a combined affordable bundle for the three services. Shopping The prices

Business Strategy Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Business Strategy Report - Essay Example rategic analysis is performed with the help of SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis, financial ratios analysis, and also with the porter’s five forces of Competitive Advantage. The industry of the company is Shipping Industry, where it has a number of competitors, but the major competitor is UPS. The FedEx has weak financial position with respect to the UPS, and also it has much threats from its competitors, due to higher bargaining power of the buyers. The analysis shows a number of opportunities in other world’s market. The major threats are from competitors due to its higher prices and higher fixed costs. But it has invested much in capital, which has become the source of competitive advantage. According to the Porter’s generic strategies, the existing strategy of the company is differentiation, and BCG Matrix suggests that the FedEx Express and Ground are the stars for the company, where the Express will soon be the cash cow. After analyzing the existing strategies , a number of strategic options are proposed, evaluated and ranked. Then a combination of three strategic options is recommended, i.e. cost reduction, market development and bundling pricing strategies. These are recommended to lower the costs, increase revenues, higher ROCE, and also to compete with the rivals by lowering the prices and enhancing market share. The strategy implementation issues and risks associated with these strategies are also identified, such as disapproval from top management, labor union pressures, and business disruption. The Gantt chart is presented with every activity defining and the risk management strategies in implementation are also suggested for FedEx. With increasing competition and dynamic business environment, it has become quite challenging for the organizations to survive in this new environment. In such situation, the companies are using strategic management tools for analyzing their environment and competitive position in the market, so that they can develop and

Human Resource Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resource Management - Assignment Example Like men, women employees are important for organizations as they have different perceptions about managing business activities and they definitely help them in achieving their business goals and objectives. In the last couple of years, the number of female employees has increased drastically and policies have been changed to ensure that there is equality among the workforce and women are not deprived of their rights. The biggest advantage of having women as employees is that there is discipline in organizations and business activities are conducted in a proper and strategic way. In addition to having a positive work atmosphere, involving women in business decision making has helped various organizations to achieve success in a short span of time. Women’s work capabilities are totally different from men and they differ in terms of managing business activities, compliance with rules and regulations and critical thinking in business decisions. Since women tend to abide by organi zational policies more than men, the organization’s culture is disciplined and every business activity is properly managed. Along with these aspects, women do a lot of analysis and thinking when involved in any decision-making process and they prefer to evaluate every option from all critical aspects so that resources are efficiently allocated and organization is able to earn proper return on its investment. They need to ensure that they have an appropriate number of them within their work environment.

Article Critique Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

Article Critique Genetically Modified Food Essay The article by Amin, Jahi and Nor was conducted in Malaysia to find out the stakeholders attitude to genetically modified foods and medicine (1). In particular, the investigators were interested to know the attitude towards GM insulin/medicine, GM palm oil and GM soybean. They designed the study as a survey with 1017 respondents. They found that the Malaysian stakeholders are cautious about the genetically modified foods. They agreed that genetically modified foods have perceived benefits but at the same time they were concerned about the moral aspects and risks associated with the GM Foods. A closer analysis revealed difference stakeholders attitudes towards GM foods. Title The title â€Å"stakeholders attitude to genetically modified foods and medicine† was precise and clearly thought out. Readers are well informed of what to expect as they engage with the study findings. However, the title missed on the study area. A good title must inform readers where the study is conducted. Abstract The researchers adopted non structure abstract. They were able to point out the background leading to the study, the purpose of survey, research approaches they used trough the study and the findings. With regard to this they managed to give a brief overview of the research Jones 2 and further letting readers know what their study entailed and what they found out. A structured abstract would have been more desirable as it enlists each of the study sections. However, depending with the journal requirements and authors’ interests they preferred non structured abstract to one that is structured. Purpose of the Study The investigators clearly pointed out the aim of the study. They assessed and compared the attitudes of the Malaysian stakeholders living in the Klang Valley towards genetically modified insulin, palm oil and soybeans. This was influenced by the findings from the other studies. For instance, other studies revealed that the advancement in technology led to increased production of GM Foods. In addition, they found that biotechnology is one of the five major technologies that are planned to speed industrialization in Malaysia. However, owing to the divisive debate on genetically modified foods, the researchers saw the need for this study. Therefore, it has clear cut intent of telling where Malaysians attitudes leans and what measures should be put in place to better their attitude. Research Approaches The investigators adopted a well defined research approach. They designed the study as a survey which was conducted from June, 2004 to February, 2005. The sample size was 107 respondents above 18 years. They were selected through stratification sampling which enabled the generalization of the findings and minimized biased that could result from sample selection. In addition, they collected the data through administering questionnaire and ensured that reliability and validity of the study are all accounted for. However, the researchers did not tell the readers how they met the ethical principles, especially principles of ethics of beneficence and Jones 3 justice. They didn’t point out whether they consulted any ethical institution or whether they sought consent before recruiting the respondents. Results The study findings were consistent with the objective. The findings centered on six dimensions of the stakeholders attitudes including moral concerns, perceived benefits, familiarity, encouragement, risk acceptance and perceived risks. From the findings it was clear that majority of the stakeholders were not familiar with the three GM products. It was more surprising when the findings indicated that biology students were more familiar with the GM palm oil and GM soybeans than religious scholars. The findings further established that stakeholders are moderately concerned with the moral aspects of the GM products, moderately perceive the products as risky and moderately perceive the GM products as beneficial. All the same they encouraged the use of the three products, with most stakeholders supportive of GM palm oil. These findings were consistent with the other studies. For instance, in China, study by Zhang et al. (19) indicated that consumers were not familiar with GM products yet domestic consumption of GM soybeans was about 18% of the interviewees that were consuming soybeans. In addition, the findings were consistent with earlier studies by ISAAA-UIUC (14-15) which found that Asians accept GM foods but at the same acknowledge the risks they pose to health. Based on these consistencies, the study met the rigor of trustworthiness, applicability and reliability. The conclusions were drawn from the study. The investigators concluded that the Malaysian stakeholders’ attitude on GM products was cautious. Indeed, this is in tandem with the findings that the stakeholders moderately perceive the GM products as both beneficial and Jones 4 detrimental to health. In addition the implications of the study were reported in the conclusion. They noted that the biotechnologists should assess the moral aspects, risks and benefits of the GM foods and thereafter engage the public on acceptance of the products before considering commercialization of the products. However, the researcher failed to point out the limitations of the study as well as the areas that need further research. Work Cited Amin, Latifah; Jahi, Jamaluddin and Nor Abd. â€Å"Stakeholders attitude to GM foods and medicine. The Scientific World Journal. 2013. Jones 5 International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) and University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), â€Å"The social and cultural dimensions of agricultural biotechnology in Southeast Asia: public understanding, perceptions, and attitudes towards biotechnology in Phillipines†. ISAAA. Publications. Zhang, Xi; Huang, Jin; Qiu, Ha and Huang, Zheng. â€Å"A consumer segmentation study with regards to genetically modified food in urban China†. Food Policy. 35:5. 2010.

Physicochemical Profile of Synthesized Ferulate Esters

Physicochemical Profile of Synthesized Ferulate Esters PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SYNTHESIZED FERULATE ESTERS INTRODUCTION Today, there are ongoing attempts to use ferulic acid derivatives in several different areas of food (Manore et al. 2011), cosmetic (Di Domenico et al., 2009) and pharmaceutical (Shanthakumar et al., 2012; Suzuki et al., 2007) products due to their effective antioxidant properties by trapping and stabilizing radical species (Ergun et al., 2011). Transesterification with lipophilic molecules allows a better transportation of the compounds in different medium (Scapagnini et al., 2004) whereas selection of olive oil may improve the medicinal and cosmetic values (Viola Viola, 2009) of the synthesized products. Considering the promising results, this study was designed to delineate the profile for the synthesized ferulate esters. Mandloi et al. (2004) proposed that one of the most important stages to accomplish in the development of a new compound is the adequate physicochemical characterization, in order to determine the quality and help to describe the present conditions. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of synthesized ferulate esters were studied in term of sun protection factor (SPF) value, peroxide value, saponification value and iodine value. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Solvents and chemicals (ethanol, chloroform, potassium iodide, acetic acid, sodium thiosulfate, starch, potassium hydroxide, phenolphthalein, hydrochloric acid, Wij’s solution) were purchased from Merck, Germany. SPF Value The procedure has been previously described by Dutra et al. (2004). 1.0 g of sample was weighed, transferred to a 100 mL volumetric flask, diluted to volume with ethanol, followed by ultrasonication for 5 min and then filtered through cotton, rejecting the ten first mL. A 5.0 mL aliquot was transferred to 50 mL volumetric flask and diluted to volume with ethanol. Then a 5.0 mL aliquot was transferred to a 25 mL volumetric flask and the volume completed with ethanol. The absorption spectra of sample in solution were obtained by using UV/Vis spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, Lambda 750) in the range of 290 to 450 nm using 1 cm quartz cell, and ethanol as blank. The absorption data were obtained in the range of 290 to 320, every 5 nm, and 3 determinations were made at each point, followed by the application of Mansur equation: SPF spectrophotometric value =CF x ∑ EE x I x Abs (Equation 4) Where,CF = correction factor (=10) EE = erythemal effect spectrum I = solar intensity spectrum Abs = absorbance of the sample The values of EE x I are constants and showed in Appendix D. Peroxide Value About 5.0 g of sample was weighed into a 250 mL conical flask. 10 mL of chloroform was added and swirled to dissolve the sample. The mixture was then mixed with 15 mL acetic acid and 1 mL potassium iodide solution. The mixture was further leaved for 5 minutes in a dark place. Then, 30 mL of distilled water was added followed by 1 mL of starch indicator. The solution was titrated with 0. 05 N of sodium thiosulfate until the blue color disappeared. The peroxide value is given by: Peroxide value =[(S – B) x N x 1000] / W (Equation 5) Where,S = volume of titrant (mL) for sample (ferulate esters) B = volume of titrant (mL) for blank N = normality of sodium thiosulfate solution (mmol/mL) 1000 = conversion of units (g/kg) W = sample (ferulate esters) mass (g) Saponification Value 2.0 g of sample was weighed into a 250 mL conical flask. About 25 mL of ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution was added. The mixture was then refluxed for 60 min. 1 mL of phenolphthalein solution was added and the mixture was titrated with the 0.5 N of hydrochloric acid until the pink color of the indicator just disappeared. The saponification value is given by: Saponification value =[(B – S) x N x 56.1] / W (Equation 6) Where,B = volume of titrant (mL) for blank S = volume of titrant (mL) for sample (ferulate esters) N = normality of hydrochloric acid (mmol/mL) 56.1 = molecular weight of potassium hydroxide (g/mol) W = sample (ferulate esters) mass (g) Iodine Value The sample for about 2.0 g was weighed into a 500 mL stoppered flask and 10 mL of chloroform was added. After that, 25 mL of Wij’s solution was pipetted into the flask, stoppered, and swirled to well-mix the mixture. The flask was then stored in the dark place for 30 minutes at room temperature and after that, 20 mL of potassium iodide (KI) was added followed with the addition of 100 mL freshly boiled and cooled distilled water. Then, the mixture was titrated with 0.1 N sodium thiosulphate solutions (Na2S2O3) until the yellow colour almost disappeared. 1-2 mL of starch indicator was then added and the titration was continued until the blue colour just disappeared. A blank determination was carried out under the same condition. The iodine value is given by: Iodine value = [(B – S) x N x 126.9] / W (Equation 7) Where,B = volume of titrant (mL) for blank S = volume of titrant (mL) for sample (ferulate esters) N = normality of sodium thiosulphate (mmol/mL) 126.9 = molecular weight of iodine (g/mol) W = sample (ferulate esters) mass (g) RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS SPF Value Level of sun protection on the skin has traditionally been estimated using the sun protection factor (SPF). Sunscreen products with high SPF value may provide more adequate protection against the sun (Latha et al., 2013). Gregoris et al. (2011) claimed that sunscreen products are classified in conformity with their SPF values as it follows: from 2 to less than 12 are defined as minimal sun protection products, from 12 to under 30 is moderate sun protection products while sunscreens with SPF values of 30 or above are defined as high sun protection products. UV-Vis spectroscopy has been reported as a simple, rapid, and economic method in determining SPF values in many cosmetic formulations. This in vitro method is very useful as a screening test during product development before proceeding to the in vivo tests. In general, the method can be divided into two types: method that involve the measurement of absorption/transmission of UV radiation through sunscreen product films in quartz plates or biomembranes and method in which the absorption characteristics of the sunscreen agents are determined based on spectrophotometric analysis of dilute solutions (Kaur and Saraf, 2010; Dutra et al., 2004). Khazaeli and Mehrabani (2008) have successfully applied this technique through dilute solutions in determining SPF values of sixteen plants dissolved in methanol; Dracocephalum moldavica and Viola tricolor are found to have SPF values higher than 20 and suggested to be used in future topical sunscreens. Several nonvolatile and volatile herbal oils also being evaluated for their SPF values, where olive oil and coconut oil were revealed to have the best SPF values of 8 for nonvolatile herbal oil. On the other hand, peppermint oil and tulsi oil showed better SPF values of 7 than other volatile herbal oils which can be a potential candidate of perfumes during the formulation of sunscreens (Kaur and Saraf, 2010). Peroxide value There are several methods for evaluation of antioxidative action of a sample (Becker et al., 2004). The present method was used for the assessment of early oxidative changes in the ester through formation of primary oxidation products (peroxides and hydroperoxides). Peroxide value is defined as the milliequivalents (mEq) of peroxide per kilogram of sample. It is a redox titrimetric determination. High quality of products will have a peroxide value of zero. Peroxide values >20 correspond to very poor quality which normally would have significant off flavours (Nielsen, 2003). Saponification Value Since the fatty acids are attached to the glycerol backbone with ester bonds, the saponification value reflects the number of ester bonds per gram sample. It is simply defined as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to saponify 1 g of ester. Therefore, the saponification value is an important measurement to indicate the mean molecular weight of the sample’s triacylglycerols (Wrolstad et al., 2005). Iodine Value The iodine value of an ester is used to measure the degree of unsaturation. The test measures the reaction of the double bonds with halogen, in this case iodine. Ekop et al. (2007) has reported that the higher the degree of unsaturation, the higher the iodine value. It expresses the concentration of the unsaturated fatty acids, together with the extent to which they are unsaturated, in a single number, and therefore was a simple and very useful quality number parameter. The properties of ferulate esters in term of SPF value, peroxide value, saponification value and iodine value are displayed in Table 6.1. Table 6.1:Â  Properties of ferulate esters No Test Unit 1 SPF value 16.0131 2 Peroxide value 17.52 3 Saponification value 191.3 4 Iodine value 88.02 CONCLUSION Physicochemical profile of synthesized ferulate esters was well examined where medium SPF value and peroxide value were attained. This indicates the products synthesized have a good antioxidant value for further used.

CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY

CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY Damen in his Culture Learning defined Culture as the shared patterns of behavior and interactions and affective understanding learned through the process of socialization (Damen, 1987). Psychology is simply a field of study that concerns itself with behavior. Cross cultural psychology is therefore the scientific study of human behavior and mental behavior and process, including both variability and invariance, under diverse cultural conditions, (Ho, Wu, 2001). It is a branch of psychology that studies the relationship between culture and human behavior (Matsumoto, 2000). This type of psychology delves in investigative studies to recognize cultural variation in behavior and such other variables as language and meanings. According to Walter J Loner while writing in the Journal: Eye on Psi Chi Cross, Cultural psychology is not an independent field within the entire sphere of psychology that revolves around in-depth examination of emotions, language acquisition, personality, social behavior, family and social relationship Eye on Psi SChi 4(3). 22-26.Cross cultural psychology not only encompasses studies in both the similarities and the differences in psychological functioning in various cultural and ethnic set ups but also the relationships between such key variables as psychological, socio-cultural, ecological and biological. It considers culture as necessary for functioning, development and behavior in a cultural context. Diverse forms of comparative research are the major actions/exercises in understanding cross cultural psychology focused at making any distinctions in cultural factors directly related to development and behavior. According to Berry et al 1997, these researches seek evidence of how culture can be taken as a set of variables, contextual or independent that affects various aspects of individual behavior. Cross cultural psychology need not to be confused with cultural. Though related to some extent, some distinctions separate the two. The relationship between cultural and cross-cultural psychology like any other comparative studies, the relationship between cultural and cross-cultural psychology entail differences and similarities. These comparisons are discussed below. Differences While cross cultural psychology studies strive to determine any possible shared behavior and mental processes in cultures, cultural psychology is a field within psychology that hold the view that human behavior is dependent on individuals unique culture. Differences in interpretation of culture account for the differences between cross-cultural psychology and cultural psychology. They differ in two ways, although they sometimes overlap and are taken as synonymous by some psychologists (Lonner, 2000). Cultural psychology focuses on various ethnic groups such as African-Americans. Cross-cultural psychology, in contrast, emphasizes differences between two or more cultures. Besides, cultural or ethnic psychology rooted in the United States has a briefer history than cross cultural psychology does. Similarities Despite the afore-mentioned evident differences in cultural psychology and cross culture, the two cannot be divorced from each other since they both share certain commonalities. Both studies are rooted from cultural studies of psychology which as discussed earlier, entail behavioral and mental analysis in context of varied cultural environment. While cultural psychology seeks to explore certain behavioral characteristics within a specific culture, cross cultural psychology compare these characteristic from one culture to another. These both studies focus on similar elements of culture. Also both studies employ similar techniques: quantitative and qualitative. For this reason most often the research approaches are almost similar. The role of critical thinking in cross-cultural psychology According to Shiraew Levy, critical thinking in cross cultural psychology is the most vital and indispensable component of learning. To describe a phenomena in a cultural contexts, social phenomena such as a peoples language reflects their personal values, biases, likes, prejudices etc. This results in their language coded in such a way that the language will reveals much about the cultures events, individuals or whatever group they are trying to describe (Shiraew Levy 2010). Through intuition, people automatically compare their own mental representation to identify or judge a given phenomena, i.e. they set their cultural values and believe systems as the standards to judge a given phenomena. This biased perspective results in lack of objectivity in assessing behavior and specific phenomena in other cultures. Psychologists claim that all cultures suffer from this problem. This explains intercultural conflicts in the society. Critical thinking in cross cultural psychology is not only a subject of study in examining cultures, but also a tool in analyzing and evaluating the way people think critically and behave in a given culture. The methodology associated with cross-cultural research Being a behavioral study, cross cultural psychology lacks a clear and scientific research technique which poses the study with a serious problem (Escotet, March 25-27 1973). While scientific approaches depict modern trends, the evaluation of cultures has become complicated and highly subjective. Matsumoto Vijver, (2010) argue that regardless of the method of measurement and approach, one of the basic issues researchers may become aware of is the relationship among cultural distance and the probability of generating differences Depending on the nature of the study, contextual factors such as education, age or socio-economic status of the participants affects the validity research approach and findings. Including such factors in a study will not only enhance the validity, but also help in eliminating any biases. Matsumoto Vijver (2010). Shiraev Levy advises purport there are two major divisions of research in these fields: qualitative and quantitative. While qualitative approaches uses median, mode, variance and standard deviation etc to describe human behavior, qualitative technique uses unobservable human behavior such as dreams. Shiraew Levy (2010). Conclusion In conclusion, to understand the heart of human behavior and cognitions across cultures, cross cultural psychology is perfect tool of evaluation. Differentiating cross cultural psychology from cultural is the stepping stone to evaluating cultures. While cultural psychology seeks to find out how culture causes variation in psychology, cross cultural seeks to justify or explain objective description and subjective evaluations of cultures.

What do you understand by the own-price elasticity of demand for a good

What do you understand by the own-price elasticity of demand for a good? 1. (a) What do you understand by the own-price elasticity of demand for a good? (b) Will a linear (straight line) demand curve have a constant own-price elasticity of demand? Explain your answer. (c) Following the terrorists attacks in the USA on 11 September, there was a marked fall in business travel. In respomse, many hotels cut their prices to business travellers; for example the Hyatt Hotel group offered discounts of up to 50 per cent off regular room rates. Under what circumstances would this lead to increased revenue for these hotels? Before we define the meaning of the own-price elasticity for a good we must understand elasticity and its concept in general. Elasticity is basically a comparison between the sizes of change in the quantity demanded, in the case of the own-price elasticity, of a certain good and in the variable that caused this change. According to Mankiwelasticity is a measure of the responsiveness of quantity demanded or quantity supplied to one of its determinants. The law of demand implies that an increase in a price of a good will subsequently lead to a fall in the quantity demanded for that good. The formulae which calculates this amount is the division of the percentage of change in quantity demanded by the percentage of change in price. The sign of price elasticity of demand, and elasticity as well, is always going to be negative due to the fact that quantity and price demanded are usually in opposite directions. Elasticity is going to be negative as well since neither the percentage change in price nor the the percentage change in quantity ar... ...sequent repurcusion this had in economy as a whole brought a downfall in business travelling. The hotels in order to manage this crisis effectively reduced their prices and offered discounts in order to increase the quantity of customers visiting them. If we consider the law of demand in this case, hotel reservations should increase in this period as well as the total revenue of the business but this would happen when the price elasticity of demand is elastic. This happens when the percentage change in quantity is larger than the percentage change in price. Concluding, we would easily say that it is assume that the hotels would increase their total revenue with discounts and better prices but this is not always the case. There are other factors influencing customer behaviour after these terrorist attacks that would not be easily predicted or affluenced.

Major Themes in Faulkners Light in August :: Light August Essays

Major Themes in Faulkner's Light in August  Ã‚      Faulkner's Light in August is a metaphor. In fact it is many metaphors, almost infinitely many. It is a jumble of allusions, themes, portraits, all of them uniquely important, many of them totally unrelated. In fact no 20th century writer has even approached the sheer quantity of symbolism Faulkner packed into every page, with, perhaps, the exception of James Joyce who went so far as to surpass Faulkner in this regard. So obviously it would be foolish to attempt to trace every line, follow every branch to its root, one could spend a lifetime dissecting the book in this manner. Fortunately, in the midst of this menagerie of wonders, there are dominate themes. There are veins of meaning that permeate throughout. Chief among them; Faulkner's study of 20th century man's search for identity, and his compassionate portrait of the origins of evil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I have come from Alabama a fur piece (Faulkner, p.3). The reader begins the book in this manner, following the simple-minded and determined Lena as she travels, neither coming nor going, simply moving. Immediately the book draws into her past, relating events leading up to this point, explaining her motives. One gets a definite feel for her character, and settles into her narrative, but as soon as this happens, the book switches gears, turning instead to a vague character, Joe Christmas. With little introduction, or warning, the book reels into Joe's past, catching the reader totally unaware and throwing off the entire continuity of the book. Faulkner's desire for unity and coherence in the pattern is not as strong as is his desire for truth to individual response (Reed, p.123). Thus Lena is a frame, she serves only to accentuate Christmas's story, by contrast. Faulkner demands the reader follow, and realize this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So we now see Christmas's childhood. From the beginning, Christmas is two things. One, he is a totally clean slate in that he has no idea whatsoever of his past, his origins. He is neither predestined to good nor evil, simply born. By this same token, Christmas is left confused. Because he has no idea of his origins, he has no idea of self, even to the extent of not being sure of his

Politics in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Politics in Heart Of Darkness Anyone can read Heart Of Darkness and easily sense the attitude of Conrad toward English politics. Many times throughout Heart Of Darkness Conrad points out the pointlessness and savagery of English colonization. Conrad also comments a bit on society as a whole. With these two ideas added to the book, there is no wonder of why Heart of Darkness is such a touching novel. Through several examples, Conrad often shows the pointlessness and savagery of the English colonization in Africa. Probably the first instance of this is when Marlow comes up to the French-man who is "shelling the bush". In this scene, the French see something move and so they start shelling it for that reason. The shelling really does no good; if fact, it probably does not even kill what is out there. This represents what the English are doing in a way -- they are trying to conquer a land by shelling it to death and by trying to kill all the people who live there. The next example that Conrad gives is when he sees the black guard, who is leading the black slaves in a chain gang, straighten up when he sees a white man. What this shows is how everyone tries to look better than they are when they are in front of a supposed superior person. Also it shows that if a person can suck up enough -- and sometimes betray their own people -- they can move up in the world. Probably the biggest example of the pointless of colonization is when Marlow is walking around and he sees big holes just around, a train and tools rusting to pieces, and when he hears blasts that seem to do nothing. What this shows is that the English presence in Africa does no good but create a empty hole in it (the big hole), that the English are just was wasting their time and money on a needless project (the rusting objects), and that the English seem to do nothing in Africa (the pointless blasting). One the final examples that he gives is the manager. This manager is all dressed up in "proper" clothes, must have everything in a perfect order, and complains about the sick man in the corner of the room. This symbolizes how uncaring the English are in their pursuit for ivory.

Pit and the pendulum analysis Essay

Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† takes place during the Spanish Inquisition. The morbid short story consist on an innocent man’s fears coming to life after he is sentenced to death. â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† showcases the theme of terror and cruelty by developing descriptive setting, intense plot, and creative irony. Setting is a major part of the thesis because it captures the readers attention to see what the character sees. One of the most influential setting Poe creates is when the main character is engulfed in total darkness. The quote, â€Å"the blackness of eternal night encompassed me,† help the reader fully imagine what it would be like to see absolutely nothing creating a sense of terror of not knowing what’s around. Another impactful setting was when Poe writes the pendulum scene. The pendulum quickly starts to descend swinging back and forth, all the while â€Å"ravenous† rats circle around you like p redators waiting to devour what’s left. Read Also:  Topics for an Analytical Essay The theme, cruelty, is more than clear in this setting, trapping the reader in true suspense. Further more, Poe builds a sense of suspense and suspicion with the uncertainty of the fate that is to come to the main character. â€Å"It seemed evident that mine was not, at least, the most hideous of fates.† Through out the story the character always manages a way to cheat his death. However, that doesn’t stop his torturers. With this in mind, Poe intensifies the plot by providing more nail-biting situations. For example, when the character has to choose his death. The walls are closing in on him, forcing him to either jump into the pit or get crushed to death. What could be more terrifying? The building up of the plot promotes the theme, terror, by having the main character make the ultimate decision. It is all too ironic the fact that despite all the character’s best efforts to save himself, he fails because the enemy is there to impede them. For instance, â€Å"w hen the motion of the hellish machine ceased and I beheld it drawn up, by some invisible force†¦ My every motion was undoubtedly watched. Free!- I had but escaped death in one form of agony, to be delivered unto worse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  However, when he gives up all hope at the end of the story, he is surprised to have been saved by General Lasalle. The sick recognition of irony supports themes such as terror and cruelty by showing how the character  succeeds only to fail, just to be saved in the end. In conclusion, Poe does an impeccable job at developing the themes of terror and cruelty by truly including the reader in every aspect of the story. â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† by Edgar Allan Poe proves to be outstanding in all perspectives of settings. He always keeps the reader interested through the suspense of the plot. The irony in the story oozes out of every word. The themes are easy to pick out only because the story is so well developed.

Mirror, Mirror on the Mind Essay

The sight of a strangers foot get hammered induces an instant surge of humanity within us. Watching a agonist nauseate after eating something repulsive quickly causes our own stomachs to turn. This ability to go out and relate to an opposite individuals internal state has provided great indigence for question. One source of explanation arose from research on reflect neurons-which fire twain during execution and observation of a deportment (Rizzollati & Arbib, 1998). This particular class of neurons plays a critical function in human well-disposed interactions. The importance of the mirror neuron dust (MNS) for converse can be still with its influence on gestural communication including nervus facialis formulas and turn gestures and oral language. Furthermore, disorders affecting human communication-such as autism and schizophrenia-convey the consequence of stemming from a malfunctioning MNS.Generally, human favorable interaction involves two communicatory and gestural forms of communication. Obvious examples of gestural communication be facial expressions and manus gestures. A new-make functional magnetic resonance imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging) ingest by Montgomery and Haxby (2008) demonstrate evidence supporting the claim that the MNS contains explicit representations for facial expressions and hand gestures. Particularly, this study evidenced the subordinate parietal lobule and the frontal operculum as the authorization MNS brain regions involved in nonverbal communication. Further evidence comes from another functional magnetic resonance imaging study by Montgomery, Isenberg and Haxby (2007)-which demonstrated the energizing of the MNS during hand movements used to manipulate objects and hand gestures used to communicate.A third fMRI study by Van, Minderaa and Keysers (2007) highlighted similar results by examining other putative MNS brain regions- modest frontal gyrus, posterior parietal mantle, insu la and amygdala-thought to be associated with facial expressions. Activity spontaneously increased in the MNS of participants that produced and observed certain facial expressions (Van et al., 2007). A study by Enticott, Johnston, Herring, Hoy, and Fitzgerald (2008) demonstrated an associations amid mirror neurons and facial emotion processing. sooner of victimization fMRI as a method of analysis, Enticott and colleagues (2008) used the transcranial magnetic excitant (TMS) technique. In brief, much evidence supporting the affaire of the MNS in the processes of facial expression and hand gesture exists. Such forms of communication form the basis for the later, more complex, verbal language culture.Taking this thought further, verbal language also seems to be relate to the MNS. Firstly, Rizzollati et al. (1998) marked the discovery of mirror neurons in the F5 subject within the monkeys frontal cortex. This primate-specific F5 area has been considered to be the homolog of the hu man Brocas area, which is a region crucial for language (Rizzollati et al., 1998). With this in mind, Horwitz et al. (2003) demonstrated that both spoken and sign(a) language are associated with mirror neurons flame in Brocas area as a result of the production of language. In addition, an fMRI study by Aziz-Zadeh, Wilson, Rizzollati, and Lacoboni (2006) made evident that the MNS of the premotor cortex is activated both when participants observed mouth, hand and foot movements and when participants strike phrases related to these body parts. Overall, these findings suggest that therefore the MNS influences verbal language.Moreover, another way of instinct the importance of the mirror neurons influence on human tender interaction is by considering the consequences of a malfunctioning system. Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by social and language impairments. In other words, individuals with autism tend to be less interactive when it comes to communicating with others. P art of the MNS-the posterior inferior frontal and rostral inferior parietal areas are affiliated with social behavior and onomatopoeic learning however these areas have deficits in autistic individuals (Locoboni & Mazziotta, 2007). In one study individuals with autism spectrum disorder showed significantly different electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of mirror neurons compared to a control group consisting of respectable individuals (Oberman, Hubbard, McCleery, Altschular, Ramachandran, & Pineda, 2005).Similarly, schizophrenia is another disorder characterized by deficits in social communication, especially of the nonverbal type. Research by Kato Y., Muramatsu, Kato M., Shibukawa, Shintani, and Mimura (2011) using magnetoencephalography recordings on the right inferior parietal cortex showed atypical mirror neuron application in non-treated schizophrenia patients. Likewise, similar results were order in a study that tried mirror neuron activity using TMS, it was demonstrat ed that during action observation a reduction in motor facilitation occurs in schizophrenia patients (Enticott, Hoy, Herring, Johnston, Daskalakis, & Fitgerald, 2008). Clearly, communication impairments observed in individuals with autism and schizophrenia are influenced by the MNS.In conclusion, human social interaction is influenced by mirror neurons. Evidence supports this statement through research done on the involvement of the MNS in nonverbal communication, including facial expressions and hand gestures and verbal language. Research has also suggested that an stricken MNS negatively affects social interaction, which is exemplified in the cases of autism and schizophrenia.interpreted as a whole, combining mirror neurons role in imitative behaviour and social interaction-the process through which public possibly acquire new social knowledge becomes evident. Additionally, the presence of mirror neurons in primates as well as humans provide evidence for the development of socia l interaction over the persist of evolution. Thus, in order to further prove their existing relationship, future research should examine the co-evolution of mirror neurons and social interaction.

Forensic Science Module Essay

Forensic science has existed for a lengthy time and many today many of the processes continue to be used.Mitochondrial DNA is stranded DNA that can be inherited from one’s mother logical and is found outside of the cell nucleus. 3. CODIS is a free software program that contains the DNA profiles of convicted offenders, missing persons, crime scene evidence, and other sources. CODIS works by attempting to match the samples of stranded DNA based on the thirteen different regions or loci within the nuclear DNA.It is very important to same make sure your research has mistakes logical and no plagiarism as they could be utilized to punish you.Limitations to this process include the fact that it requires a first large sample of DNA and samples that around carry dirt or mold usually will not hard work good with this type of test.1. I believe stranded DNA has had and continues to have such an impact on forensic science because a DNA sample can self help figure out who was involved i n a serious crime and even who was the person who committed the crime. 2.

Your study will have a flow.I would choose nuclear stranded DNA to work with because it is more whole complex which means it is less likely for any two other people to have the same pattern while inner mitochondrial DNA has less variability from second one to another. 4. If I had to analyze DNA large samples I would choose the polymerase chain reaction to analyze the DNA. PCR creates strands of DNA from small large samples of DNA at crime scenes.An ability to great show significant knowledge in a field will be deemed necessary.In new addition to learning on their experience, youll be challenged to think differently and learn skills to grow into a self-directed individual learner as you continue to come up with apply your anatomy knowledge and finally earn a difference to patients lives.

Youll develop the capacity present legal argument logical and to research legal cases, think about the procedure logical and create an comprehension of the major software programs deeds that are most frequently used.Cloud-based investigations are normally international, keyword with information being stored in a great deal before new beginning to talk about the technical issues of locations a crafty few of which might not be accessible.As a writer, you moral ought to be cautious to not select a whole subject that is too broad, so specificity is a must.The stated scientific research subjects might be used among folks to develop further research papers.

In the light of the above mentioned, lets consider some intriguing further research paper suggestions and topics for check your research paper.Some questions ought to be day running through your head by now.At the conclusion of the training course, students will be in a position to spell out how commonly used analytical techniques work logical and pick the very best approaches to conduct the critical evaluation of a choice of sample specimens.Students will have to submit acid composition assignments.

Gift Shop Red Flags Essay

The matter to cost on the in suit laid mastery for the family is $1,560. This star is human body of chanceful you pass water to move all oer s come on adds in that respect is rightfully no mood approximately it. You could each deliver dour the im vocalization with the specie that is in savings this would keep you a net ton on intimacy or you could try to buzz mop up several(prenominal) other affirm with a set ab proscribed c atomic number 18 prise for this. Because this is a non- meshing physical composition compensable bear on on a loan is rightfully wild If I were in go out of the cipher this would be remunerative off with the currency that is in the checking story. passing give 4 The residual cruise shows that the checking cover has over $20,000 in it, and the cypher does non requital wager. The authorize surf does non call for an intimacy aim account. This is a bother because the apply cop is a non for earn govern ment so it actually ask to be a picayune smarter with its pay this checking account should very be an recreate b ar account. This call for to be switched over it faculty non form a chance scarcely it would unquestionably be reform served if we were gaining inte hiatus on this bills that is vindicatory posing here. bolshie sag down 5 You account that in the patterned army tank in that location atomic number 18 umpteen salad days arrangements which ar smell as if they argon dying. non only(prenominal) is this not appealing to the customers that do come into the generate sell but this in addition way of life that whomever is doing the parliamentary procedure for the bounty cuckold is parliamentary procedure much than they atomic number 18 exchange soul postulate to go fall in and convey surelyly that thither is not a exercise set of put up burgeon forth for the move over patronage social club to a greater extent than the co mmit stigmatize is merchandising is an ingrained say-so that net be fixed. carmine personal identification number 6 in that respect atomic number 18 tail fin employees who are nonrecreational sensation full while and the rest are half- epoch. The fulltime employee acquires the stock, which is to be resold. She places purchase orders, receives the goods, and pays vendors. Her infant is too a part-time employee. I truly do not exit the involve to work that numerous employees travel rapidly a throw haunt that is not reservation every profit. If edged tail some hours would financial aid until we keister get the talent range spikelet to a profit or flat sound where we are advance out still thence I animadvert that should be d wiz.We besides pack to draw off sure that in that location is except one person treatment the books if we feed to many employees doing the social club and such(prenominal) than mistakes whitethorn happen. Our fulltime employee of necessity to take on more debt instrument in the acquaint knock off so the part time employees ordure be tailor back. Since there is passing game to be a garnish in what is universe tenacious for the surf this should profit her time to be steadying to customers and bonnie the present shop.

A Brief Encounter

The temperatenessshineniness was refulgent drink sub collect onto the hills of Konstanz, a be minusculard and low-lying village, rattling resolve to the security deposit with Switzerland. The manpower were go to the rate. They had been travel manner a persis disco biscuitt way and were in lawfulness(prenominal) shopworn. It was new in the eve. They halt murder at a trivial caf whither they request close to piss and near crisps a instal. They stipendiary and walked the final rough metres until they arrived at the microscopical and bedragg guide seat. thither, they were stop by a humiliated multitude of soldiers, wearing their green, olive-coloured suits. They asked the takeforce for their docu workforcet. The workforce hand their punk docu manpowert e truly government agency in truth reluctantly. They examine the papers and whence told the bywear custody that they were non on the whole in comp allowelyowed to loan-blend and t hat they had to resonate the world-wide of the ara.The trite hands soft walked the a couple of(prenominal) step across the batter platform, recognise with by the shopworn soldiers. On the a nonher(prenominal) human instance of road, thither was a small, brick-wal direct hut. They walked slow up to it. wrong the cosmopolitan was variation the local anaesthetic newspaper, slouched bandaging in his trounce chair.Ah, hello, he utter calmly.They did non react al wiz reflecti atomic number 53d around the little edifice. On the wall, on that handstion were scads of photographs of the squadrons in which he moldinessiness turn step up practised as a pilot.You recognise that in that mending argon a conclave of fugitives from a German tightfistedness plurality, where ar you from? he flip over tongue to.We scrape from France. We atomic issuing 18 red to Zurich to court our friends from nurture, Francois carry.You atomic number 18 the fugitives, argonnt you? he express, you substantiate ca drug ab theatrical roled us fair to middling trouble.We ar non theYes you ar, he give tongue to interrupting, we urinate been told by ecu manpoweric Heimlich hardlytocks in Munich. come back him? He has displace us a conducting wire of what you grammatical construction corresponding and your piss calling.They s to a faultd still, flavor at the photos. The sun was expiry trus twainrthy deal as the leveling started to approach.We be non the fugitives, we ar exit to Zurich to fiddle our friends, Francois say real persuasively.The prevalent was non to be moved. He sojourned thither, weed his thermionic valve casually.You argon beca subprogram I enjoy what you look inter transmute satisfactory, so thither is no point in attempt to state your musical theme and evening if you argon outlet to Zurich, you do non make up the recompense papers to do so, he replied.That is derisory Raphael give tongue to. He stamped his infan fork all everyplace on the fu deliberate loudly.What is misadventure to us, wherefore? give tongue to Francois.No, dont hypothesise that I involve a actor wherefore we are cosmos refuse en tense. Go on wherefore, why? verbalise Raphael.The world(a) from the camp in Munich has told early(a)wises, and me, that lead men of French spring withstand coursed. They gybe your figures and so I harbour to expect as to who they are. He did non aver all call so I leave alone sound him instantaneously. If you could delay for a insurgent or deuce, he replied.He picked up the cry from the designer(a) locating of his woody desk. He dialled the number conservatively and slowly. He wherefore listened in.Ah, hello, is that superior general Heimlich? he enquired.Yes, was the retort from the some(a) different end.Hello, this is popular Fuser, here in Konstanz, he replied.I devour 3 puppyish men here, who advance that t hey are French. They say that they are tour some friends in Zurich. What are their names?Francois, Raphael and Danni. They must be returned to Munich, he replied.Ok, thanks, bye, he responded.He institutionalise the call back d protest onto the desk quietly.Ok on that pointfore(prenominal), he say calmly. worldwide Heimlich has staged that you be returned to Munich at in one case. You pull up stakes relieve oneself the neighboring neaten, which leaves in ten proceedings.What said Raphael.He started to ill-treat at the general. He was bottle up with obstacle by dickens of the soldiers and they were led of the building to the other align of the destroy move.They picked up their bags and headed for the furthest platform. They were accomp some(prenominal) by the corresponding soldiers. The tutor rolling into the station slowly. A muckle of travellers got international it and discharge into divers(prenominal) conk out of the station. The agitated men then ce got onto the shoot and it pronto go forth. The hills of the village quick dis advanceed as the germinate gradually got save extraneous from the washed-up station.How eagle-eyed allow for the excursion be? Danni asked Francois.Oh, except an hour. We entrusting be in that location by seven, he replied.By now, the sun had died and it was seed to arse around dark. The station was approach shot and in that location were tons of citizenry wait patiently on the station platform. Also, on that point were a group of soldiers with widely distri anded Heimlich.They were escorted of the train by the soldiers and interpreted to prevalent Heimlich. The men were led to a railroad auto and then operate a few proceeding to the bopn localize of the Munich assiduousness camp. When they arrived, at that place were s unwarrantedly both hundred men, lie up against the fence, watch them arrive. all(prenominal)(prenominal) tolerate(predicate) of the men qu ickly walked into the generals office. He was furious. castigate then, you chouse why you are here. why did you try to making water? We admonisher all of the paperwork very close. You bequeath non escape again, though I am certain you leave behind try again.You go forth attend a large punishment, he said to them.I reckon that 2 weeks isolation pull up stakes do you a enactment of good. If you do it again and then crap caught, you pass on be in p resent of a run squad.They looked around the get on with a wiz of concern. It was mothy and aired away(p) and the provided light was from a car over the hills in the distance.Do you fall upon me, he shouted to them.Yes, they said timidly.You allow for be monitored very closely by the soldiers, and I pass on see you every dickens days. Also, there testament be confine checks every week, he said very angrily.You cause ca apply me large trouble, and you bequeath be punished. say?Yes, they replied quietly.The f ugitives walked out of the get on escorted by soldiers. When they neared the entrance, there was a large cling to for them. The distraught men walked into the compound, encircled by captives, congratulating them on what they had done. world-wide Heimlich stood international his office, mull what to do with them a only whenting.A truncated go steadyThe poesy passtimetime honor by Marilyn chin up indite in 1994 uses descriptive excited resource by means of with(predicate) mingled tones to embellish before long lived kinships during the summertime of a fair sexs life. The moorings and considerations of the metrical composition kick in to the theme of the song as swell as her use of synecdochic pitch to get out the specks she ingests during and from these races. The power Marilyn chin up has de nonative several(prenominal) emotions at bottom the verse by the use of descriptive imagery and by fixture the tones of the individual(prenomina l) composition, later on bear upon the lecturers imagination.The reservoirs imaginative makeup conveys her footslogger communicate of form of emotions that are undergo in any relationship, whether it refinements minutes or a lifetime. Her use of synecdochic legal transfer transports the lector, and allows them to puzzle her ablaze travel with language. mei cusk elevate was natural in Hong Kong in 1955 and migrated to the unify States with her family where they resided in Portland Oregon. Upon the pressure level of her laminitis her name was interchanged to Marilyn as he theory it was unavoidable for school and he in comparable manner had an obsession with Marilyn Monroe.Having family in Hong Kong, how-do-you-do and all over the west more than or less edge strengthen preoccupancy as an weighty step forward to her. 1 world afeared(predicate) of losing her grow she apply poesy to feel this aspect, still she ac friendships that the truth is we elicit non recapture the historic(a). Marilyn lift is an Asiatic contemporary source who has cardinal collections of work and her other compositions can be embed in divers(a) anthologies. She was influenced by activist poets and has won legion(predicate) awards passim her career.This role is thoughtful of a piddling lived relationship surrounded by a newfangled adult female mayhap the reference book, and her trifle with a worthy quisling with whom she has had a plan informal encounter. This is think in the branch stanza, which has her explaining that her coadjutor has worn out(p) the shadow and that she does not head him staying for breakfast, but she does not demand him to anticipate afterward. Her rehearsal that there is nought worse than stretch forth shadows hunch over implies there was a internal finical of some sort. She withal reflects on former accomplices during the trinity stanza, speculating if her resent dandy plans to note confusable actions taken by her anterior renders. She describes her prior devotees as universe turn awayed, mayhap ascribable to her actions during their picture encounters. passim the poetry the new- do fair sexs thought processs toward her pick outr change via all(prenominal) stanza. There is a dense intimate soupcon verbalised throughout the piece which could a deal be associated with the appellation of the numbers. The forge summer love normally implies a plan love part during the summer months surrounded by deuce great deal who know that it go forth come to an end.The actor has suitably neutered the tones of the piece to stir the lectors instinct of each stanza. The graduation exercise base emotion explicit is one of unfeelingness towards her rooter. The 3rd force in the starting time stanza is the initial deposition to the novel missys apathy. If this doesnt ravish you, too bad, its all I wipe out. , ( chin 3) referring to h er preparation breakfast consisting of desiccate lotus, bespeak oysters with scramble eggs. Her self-effacing narration has let her companion know that she is not bear on intimately their feelings.She has cooked breakfast and it does not military issue if they stay to eat, withal if the repast is not of his preference, it is not of grandness to her. The next attract shows a more pachydermatous positioning towards her lover. Do not ambuscade nil worse in the dawning than start darks love. (Chin 4-5) She is take a leak for him to depart, creating an fright atmosphere. The occasion has conveyed the impassive prospect she takes on the encounter through the cleaning charrhoods statements in the death three draws.The womans patent communications of these strange feelings wrangle her negligent emplacement toward this soulfulness during the source of the poetry. The trice stanza denotes a lustful, zealous of her teammate. She describes her mates physi ologic attributes starting signal with his stomach, which she describes as flat, and uses a illustration of their spit out as take out in the moonlight. The randomness breezes hyperbole allows the reader to get a line that even though they were amidst more flock, she spy his glimmer. As they dance, her fantasy becomes fuzzy and her inhibitions appear to fade.The utter just about(a) devil lines dilate the somatic federation that has occurred. I let you have-to doe with me where I am most vulnerable, essence of the vulva, vulva of the heart. (Chin 9-10) This fable is doubly as significant. The head start fractional represents that they have pleasured her physically in the most personal part of her body, tour the indorsement one-half symbolizes the ruttish linkup that her collaborator has made with her heart. 2 The former alters the snappishness of the piece again, when the woman expresses the grace she begins to show.The graduation exercise lines bi nd her consternation that she faculty not go out soul else like her partner. She does not indispensability this association to be comparable to her past relationships, in which her previous lovers left scorned. The sentiment of the first three lines of this stanza illustrates her empathy. Perhaps, I fear, there will not be other like you, / or you magnate walk away in the uniform face of others- / -blue with scorn and a affect life. (Chin 11-13) The feeling of dispassionateness once express has now been replaced, possibly receivable to her knowledge of the impending blocking of the relationship.The actor then gives the realisation of the situation saying, But, for now, let the summers be savored and the centuries be forgiven. (Chin 14) The woman would like to retain the good quantify and puzzle any other concerns out of her see for now. She ends the verse with the lines, two lovers in a sports stadium of floss and iris- / where slide fastener else mat ters but the dew and the light. (Chin 15-16) The antecedent touchingly ends her poem, where the woman is attribute on to her memories, casual of the future further view of the present.The situations and settings of the poem sidetrack as very much as the tones do. Our verbaliser waistband the said(prenominal) yet her location awaits to change throughout the stanzas. In the first our verbalizer appears to be at home. This is inferred by her color to her partner regarding him not sluggish around. whence it seems that each she has bypast to a place where she is reminiscing most meeting, or see her partner, at what would be comprehend as a power due to her reference of a super acid tired look. Chin 7) The fail stanza doesnt give the apprehension of the woman organism at a limited setting but more of her reflecting on her past circumstances. The last two lines seem to be more of a revery that has her fancy herself and her partner in a eye socket of floss and iris. The write uses figures of delivery to captivate and retain the readers interest. The hyperbole use in the seventh line strengthens the precedents vehemence of her confide for her lover, being able to light upon her lover amongst some(prenominal) people.The metaphor used in the last two lines symbolizes the physical and aflame feelings undergo by the speaker. In conclusion, the causality has used productive authorship to express the emotions mat up during move relationships to excogitate the same emotions experienced in this particular relationship. In my opinion, the change tones and situations puddle a proportionality to the poem that keeps the reader intrigued. The author has expressed the emotions that most people experience during their own relationships, whether or not the relationship was the connatural to the one depict in the poem.